Definition of the Music IndustryCreative industries sub-sectors of the music is a creative activity associated with the creation / composition, music performance, reproduction, and distribution of sound recordings. Along with the music industry is growing so fast, then the Standard Classification of Field Indonesia 2005 (KBLI) need to be reviewed, namely the separation of the field associated with reproduction of recorded media distribution business, management, promotion representation (agency) music, the service composer, songwriter services and services of singers into a group of their own business field.
The value chain of the Music Industry SubsectorEach process in the music industry's main activities will involve some of the supporting industries. Value chain of the music industry and related industries in each of the value chain can be seen in the following figure:
Major labels are still a holder of an important role in Indonesia's music industry. But indie labels are also increasingly taken into account.
Dynamics of Indonesia's music industry is an interesting thing. Evolution is always happening in every industry value chain. Evolution in the chain of creation makes it harder to determine a clear cutting edge to distinguish different types of genre or genres of music. Increasingly assimilated a variety of musical genres. Assimilated with the orchestral rock music, dangdut, or colored rock dangdut, the orchestra carries the rock, and various other music formats. The entire flow of the music influence each other. No lag, music is also getting stuck homage to ethnic influence, enriching the world of Indonesian music.
Output in the chain of creation is a song. The parties that support the creation chain is certainly everything connected with the creation of a song. They are the creators of the lyrics and songs, modifiers (arranger), musicians (instruments and vocals), industrial instruments, music software industry, to the music studios.
Output of the production chain is the song that is ready to be distributed. Activities in this chain is a process generally mixing, recording and reproduction. Format to be a cover song format cassettes, CDs, video (VCD / DVD), and digital format. Supports needed in the production chain were: reproduction industry, industrial tapes and CD / VCD / DVD blank, the music software industry, to the support of talent management.
Evolution also occurs in the production chain. Music formats evolved, starting from the phonograph (LPs), cassette and video, CD / VCD / DVD to the digital format is getting stronger. Development of enabling technologies such evolutions towards the better.
In komersialiasi chain, the songs are ready to be distributed is promoted through print media (publishing and printing), and electronic media (television, radio, internet). Festivals and competitions are also useful to promote, in addition to songs, as well as musicians.
Concert Tour is the most popular promotional mechanisms do. At present the concerts are no longer a place to promote the album. The concert has evolved into a major revenue source for the musicians. Due to various causes, including piracy, it is not easy to achieve record sales of the album's pretty good. Not many albums are able to achieve platinum sales record. As a result, the concert is a pretty attractive alternative as a source of income.
Distribution chain is still perceived profanity in the music industry Indonesia. The number of options for distribution channels do require a more complex arrangement. The evolution of the music industry felt the impact on distribution chains. Development of information technology enables the industry to perform distribution activities in various forms. Music stores for the distribution of physical formats (cassette and CD). While the digital format can be distributed via the internet music and ringback tones in mobile phones. Ringback tones is currently growing rapidly in Indonesia's music industry.Currently, there are two main factors that affect the structure of Indonesia's music industry. First is the rising of indie labels and the second, ICT technologies is rapidly increasing.
Indie label (indie usually means do it yourself) is increasingly growing as a substitute for a major label. Through the mechanism of indie labels, musicians ego could be satisfied, not many rules that must be compliance, business and administrative processes that are not too complicated, do not be confused by a system of royalties and piracy, and others. Concerts and selling concert album as a general mechanism to do. However, the indie labels and major labels are not always bersubtitusi. In various conditions, an indie label is also used as a ladder to a major label.
The rapid progress of ICT technology is the strongest determinant in the evolution of Indonesia's music industry. Since Bill Gates has created the Windows operating system that enables consumers to enjoy music on the computer, Linus Torvalds created the Linux operating system that facilitates millions of new web site server provider of digital content. Leonardo Chiariglione of the Moving Picture Entertainment Group created one of the most popular digital format to the MP3 music and MPEG for video, and Steve Jobs created the iPod as an MP3 player first, then the evolution of the music industry the world began, and had arrived in Indonesia. Various portal websites to mobile phones capture these opportunities and provide a new color in the arena of world music and Indonesia.
However, the negative effects always come along with positive impacts. Indeed, piracy has been present before the emerging digital music format, on cassette and video cassette piracy. But the digital format makes piracy more rampant in Indonesia. Digital music formats allows the pirates to operate with better, cheaper, even more creative. Ari Lasso once said: "I have 16 versions of the album The Best of Ari Lasso. When I was touring in 30 cities the other day, I always buy a different version. It's called variety. Ari Lasso & Friends, The Best of Ari Lasso, Ballad of Ari Lasso, Lasso Ari Love Songs, Love and Life of Ari Lasso, Lasso Ari Balance Love, Secret Mysteries Ari Ari Lasso to Lasso. Everything is pirated! "
So no wonder piracy in the face of despair, a little brother Doan singing poetry accompanied by guitar at the AMI Awards 2006: "We're pretty excited, because now a lot of young bands that have sprung / bands that emerged with a nice quality / with songs that are fun / But do not like it when you go in the top song charts some of the radio / But do not like it if the songs you won some awards / Because you will be plowed album / And it's silly bootleg album sold freely in front of the police station! / Where officials who should protect us as artists of the hijackers? / Where? / When we sing "Happy Birthday To You" songwriter royalties will be enjoyed in her old age / But it's in Amerikaaa / Do not imagine this album first teman-temanku/Hari we only sold a few copies / Because they have hijacked the next day our album / And we just lost in thought in the old days, my friend. "Remarkably, the evolution of Indonesia's music industry is currently characterized yet at its peak. Estimated to be the climax of evolution is changing the face of Indonesia's music industry structure, while the Palapa Ring backbone broadband connection for digital content, complete with a perfect, connecting all parts of the archipelago.
Field of Business and Industry relating to the Music IndustryMusic as an entertainment (entertainment) has close links with the various fields of business and industry that are in the entertainment sector as well. Included in this is the other creative industries sector to play media or music show, the television and radio. In addition, the performing arts is another sector in the creative industries are inextricably linked with music, where many of the musical work used in performing arts. In discussions with several sources, many also argue that music is actually part of the performing arts.In conjunction with other creative industries, the music industry is also closely related to the lifestyle industry, in which involves the printing and publishing industry with print media that contain or review about music. In addition, the lifestyle industry is closely related to the electronic media industry (including television and radio above), food and beverage industry (especially restaurants, cafà ©, bar and other places where music dipertontokan or heard). The advertising industry is also very closely linked, especially with heavy use of music in a variety of advertising jingles.
TYPE OF WORK IN THE MUSIC INDUSTRYThis type of core work in the music industry can be categorized as a musician or musical artist. Musicians can be defined as playing or writing music. Musicians can be categorized based on its role in creating or in musical performances, namely:A. Instrumentalist, who plays a musical instrument.2. Singer / vocalist, uses his voice as an instrument.3. Composers, is the individual who creates music, usually in the form of notations which will then be interpreted and performed by musicians.4. Arrangers, are individuals who make the music arranger. Arrangement can be defined as the rewriting of existing music with additional material. American Federation of Musicians defines the arrangement (arranging) the music as an art of preparing and adapting an existing musical composition to present it differently from its original form. Composing music includes reharmonization, paraphrasing, and musical compositions or develop it themselves, so as to present the melodies, harmonies and new rhythmic structure. (Corozine 2002, p.3) composing (arranging) in contrast to the orchestration (orchestration), where the orchestration is simply adapting music for an orchestra or musical ensemble, arranging "includes the addition of the composition techniques, such as additional to the introduction, transition, modulation and the end of a musical. "is the art of composing melodies to create variations on existing music.5. Songwriters, is a profession that writing song lyrics or compose music and melody of a song, or do both; the lyrics and composition.6. Improviser is the profession that creates awareness of the musicians in his musical activities, in order to have a deep understanding of a moment, even as if it was in those moments, so as to produce quality music that perfectly.7. Orchestrator, is a professional who leads an ensemble insrumental. This profession is required when the music played by various types of musical instruments. Make every tone and sound produced by each instrument are complementary and synergistic to the perfection of music, is the responsibility of an orchestrator.8. Conductor, is a professional who leads an ensemble music through body movement cues, especially movement of the hand. Often a conductor also functions as orchestrator, the lead singer and musical instruments at once.9. In addition to the above professions, there are some supporters of the music industry professions, such as: sound engineer, interpreter lights, makeup artist, fashion stylist stage, arranger, and artist managers.
CONDITION OF MUSIC INDUSTRY ANALYSISA. The foundation of human resources (People)Condition of human resources of Indonesia in the music industry has the potential power of which can be a source of competitive advantage. Mainly due to high levels of creativity possessed by the personnel of the art music of Indonesia.Several important situations of human resources of Indonesia in the field of art music are:a. Indonesia is a creative music manIndonesia music human creativity is high, as evidenced by the level of productivity of their work. In the midst of the problems that arise in the music industry, the creation of music never stopped, even the work of these musical creations have come to the international world.b. The number of fast-growing creative music manThe singer and new bands formed more and more, while senior bands singer still exist. The number of human creative music never stops growing in Indonesia.c. Potential of human creative potential of musicOne indication of that in enforcing these conditions is the number of event-event competition is increasingly prevalent today. Call it in between: Indonesian Idol, AFI, Contest Dangdut, Rock Festival, Dream Band, Competition Indosat ringback tones and many other event that could potentially give birth to new musical beings are classy.d. Excellence in foreign festivalsGreat potential can be empowered through the magnitude of the opportunity to demonstrate progress to the foreign countries, including through the festivals where musicians Indonesia demonstrated its superiority.e. Indonesia is increasingly recognized musicians in foreignOne indication that Indonesia is increasingly recognized musicians in foreign countries, in addition to victories in international competitions, the Java Jazz Festival is held yearly routine is always attended by leading jazz musicians in the world, collaborating with local musicians. These activities make Indonesia more known musicians of the world.f. And vocal music school youth and children more and moreAlthough still concentrated in large cities, but the music school for youth and children, even adults growing in number.g. Professional musicians have become a very popular professionAspires to be a musician for children and adolescents in the era of Indonesia in the 1990s and earlier are generally challenged by parents. Earnings prospects are less convincing. But now the paradigm has changed. Parents even encourage their children music lessons, music competitions followed, until the top is a competition event in Supermama children and their mothers. Music profession proved more promising.Surely there are some areas where the development so that the optimal output can be generated:a. Music education should be augmentedEducation for the musicians tend to be less. In this case, many of the self-taught musician was born.b. The need for music apresiatorIn addition, the lack of music education not only to produce music producer (musician, arranger, etc.) but also educational for the audience (consumer) of music so that the people of Indonesia can be a good apresiator.c. Underappreciated music teaching professionEye view of the government of the importance of musical subjects, known from the lack of music teachers in elementary and high school who has a diploma of music, and little incentive for teachers of different music with other subject teachers.d. Incompatibility formal music educationOn the other hand, many scholars in the field of music has no proper place to be creative. In general we can say there is a discrepancy in the field of music education that is publicly available.e. Traditional music less attentionIn addition the government's attention to the perceived lack of traditional music, because so far only used as a complement to traditional music course tourism.
B. Pillar IndustriesConditions in the human resource that is actually very conducive to the flourishing of Indonesia's music industry has a variety of obstacles of various aspects of the industry, especially in terms of government policy, especially in taxation issues.High taxes plus tax this industry declinedPPH is too high for him to invent a musical show or concert.International taxation is high on the lyrics of the song that put on a foreign language (although the musicians Indonesia).In addition, the general attention of the government is still lacking for music in the form:Arrangement of the music industry's distribution channels weakLack of government attention in the industry, both in terms of appreciation and easiness to go international, evenLicensing for a concert or go to overseas competition was very toughLack of coverage or promotion of the country, though many Indonesian musicians who won competitions abroad.The lack of infrastructure (infrastructure) or its own concert hall while the use of government-owned infrastructure requires a very high cost.
In this case we can say that the pillars of the industry we still have the strength and strong competitiveness shown bya. Indonesia hosts the music in their own countryFrom the demand side, domestic music market is also very appreciative of the music of Indonesia, with 80% of the market share of music is the music of Indonesia.b. Ethnic music is growing and accepted in the domestic marketGood ethnic music packed in contemporary concept or colors enrich existing music, and received a growing domestic market. Creative beings like Balawan, Viky Sianipar and others is the least of which is the driving motors of contemporary ethnic music.c. Ethnic music in foreign countries like IndonesiaAlso of interest is the ability of Indonesian musicians incorporating elements of traditional music / ethnic groups that make it preferable not only in domestic market but also internationally.d. Indie label market growingMechanism of the more popular indie label more acceptable to the market. The indication is the number of spectators who packed the concerts are always an indie band. Stretching indie label market looks increasingly accepted in major cities, especially London.e. Wider variety of music distribution channelsNew pathways music industry is growing. Musicians and labels are no longer simply rely on an opinion piece from tapes and CDs are sold. Ringback tones, advertising jingles, internet music downloads through the increasingly popular use of the song as an opener, setting or theme song of a film and soap operas. For example, the potential for tremendous opportunities of RBT business and other business model capitalized, internet and mobile phones will be seen, if done benchmarks in Asia, where Indonesia was ranked fourth after Japan, South Korea and China in the RBT market share.f. Confidence and readiness to compete with foreign musicThe entry of foreign music is not viewed as a threat to Indonesia's music industry, but it is an opportunity because a lot can be learned from foreign musicians.g. Expansion of Indonesia to foreign music the better, especially Malaysia.At the same time, Indonesia music known abroad and even dominate in Malaysia.